Subclinical ketosis risk prediction in dairy cows based on prepartum metabolic indices / [Previsão do risco de cetose subclínica em vacas de leite, baseado nos índices metabólicos pré-parto]

Ketosis can seriously impair cow performance. This study detected changes in prepartum blood metabolic parameters for predicting postpartum ketosis occurrence in dairy cows. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed before and after delivery. Blood samples of 63 cows were collected from 10 days before calving to 10 days after calving to measure metabolic parameters including ß-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose (GLU), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). There was a postpartum subclinical ketosis incidence of 42.25%. Compared with prepartum, plasma, levels of BHBA, AST, and NEFA significantly increased postpartum, and prepartum AST (R=0.57) and NEFA (R=0.45) showed a significant positive correlation with ketosis postpartum. Plasma GLU level significantly decreased postpartum and was significantly negatively correlated with ketosis (R=-0.21). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed prepartum BSC < 2.88, and prepartum plasma AST > 68.0 U/L, GLU < 3.97mmol/L, NEFA > 0.27mmol/L, and BHBA > 0.43mmol/L, indicating a high risk of subclinical ketosis postpartum. These levels can be used as risk indicators to predict the occurrence of subclinical ketosis in postpartum cows.(AU)

A cetose pode trazer sérios prejuízos ao desempenho da vaca. Este estudo detectou alterações nos parâmetros metabólicos do sangue pré-parto para prever a cetose pós-parto que ocorre em vacas leiteiras. O escore de condição corporal (ECC) foi avaliado antes e após o parto. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 63 vacas entre 10 dias antes e 10 dias após o parto para medir os parâmetros metabólicos, incluindo ácido ß-hidroxibutírico (BHBA), ácido graxo não esterificado (NEFA), glicose (GLU), bilirrubina total (TBIL), bilirrubina direta (DBIL), bilirrubina indireta (IBIL), proteína total (TP), albumina (ALB), globulina (GLO), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Houve uma incidência de cetose subclínica pós-parto de 42,25%. Em comparação com o pré-parto, o plasma, os níveis de BHBA, AST e NEFA aumentaram significativamente no pós-parto, e AST no pré-parto (R = 0,57) e NEFA (R = 0,45) mostraram uma correlação significativa positiva com cetose pós-parto. O nível plasmático de GLU diminuiu significativamente no pós-parto e foi negativamente correlacionado com a cetose de forma significativa (R = -0,21). A análise da curva característica de operação do receptor revelou BSC pré-parto <2,88 e AST plasmático pré-parto> 68,0 U / L, GLU <3,97mmol / L, NEFA> 0,27mmol / L e BHBA> 0,43mmol / L, indicando um alto risco de cetose subclínica pós-parto. Esses níveis podem ser usados ​​como indicadores de risco para prever a ocorrência de cetose subclínica em vacas no pós-parto.(AU)

Comparação de métodos para avaliação de beta-hidroxibutirato em ovelhas / Comparison of methods for evaluation of beta-hydroxybutyrate in ewes

Atualmente o uso de sensores portáteis para mensuração de corpos cetônicos está padronizado e difundido na rotina clínica, contudo estudos em ovinos são escassos. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a acurácia dos sensores portáteis de uso humano e de uso veterinário para a determinação de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB) em ovelhas no final da gestação e no pós-parto recente. Foram utilizadas 37 amostras de sangue provenientes de nove ovelhas mestiças Corriedale. A determinação bioquímica de BHB no soro, considerada como o padrão-ouro, foi realizada utilizando-se metodologia enzimática colorimétrica. A média obtida na bioquímica sérica foi de 0,497mmol/L; no sensor de uso humano, a média foi igual a 0,537mmol/L, enquanto no sensor de uso veterinário foi de 0,751mmol/L. Foi verificada alta correlação entre o dosímetro de uso humano e o padrão-ouro (r=0,93, P<0,001). A média do aparelho de uso veterinário diferiu das demais (51%; P<0,05), superestimando os resultados em ovelhas. As medições obtidas no aparelho veterinário também apresentaram menor precisão e veracidade. Concluiu-se que o sensor portátil de uso humano é mais acurado e mais preciso no diagnóstico precoce de toxemia da gestação em ovelhas.

Currently the use of portable sensors for measuring ketone bodies is standardized and diffused in the clinical routine, however, studies in sheep are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the human portable sensor and the veterinary portable sensor for the determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in sheep at the end of gestation and postpartum. We used 37 samples of blood from nine crossbred Corriedale sheep. Biochemical determination of serum BHB, considered gold standard, was performed using colorimetric enzymatic methodology. The mean serum biochemistry was 0.497mmol/L, in the human sensor the mean was 0.537mmol/L, while in the veterinary sensor it was 0.751mmol/L. A high correlation was verified between the dosimeter for human use and the gold standard (r= 0.93, P< 0.001). The mean of the veterinary apparatus differed from the others, being 51% (P< 0,05), higher than the standard, that is, it was less accurate and had lower veracity, overestimating the results in sheep. It was concluded that the portable sensor for human use is more accurate and accurate in the early diagnosis of toxemia of pregnancy in sheep.

Acid-base balance in sheep with experimentally induced acute ruminal lactic acidosis / Equilíbrio ácido-base em ovinos com acidose láctica ruminal aguda induzida experimentalmente

This study aimed to investigate the changes in the acid-base balance of sheep with experimentally induced acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARA). Ten ewes orally received 15 grams of sucrose per kilogram of body mass. Arterial blood samples for blood gas analysis were obtained at the following intervals: before the induction of ARA (control), and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after sucrose administration. Urine samples for pH measurement were obtained at the following times: -15 days, -7 days, and immediately before sucrose administration, then at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours. Thereafter, both blood and urine samples were obtained on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th following weeks. From 4 hours after the induction, elevation of the pH, bicarbonate and base excess on the arterial blood was observed. After 12 hours, the animals showed a decrease of these parameters, as well as urine acidification, which are symptomatic of metabolic acidosis. Within 28 hours, all parameters were normalized except the base excess, which only returned to normal after 72 hours. Despite the occurrence of acidemia, there was no need for medication and no animals died.(AU)

Este trabalho objetivou estudar as alterações referentes ao equilíbrio ácido-base de ovinos com acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ARA) induzida experimentalmente. Dez ovelhas receberam oralmente 15 gramas de sacarose por quilograma de peso corporal. Amostras de sangue arterial para realização da hemogasometria foram obtidas nos seguintes intervalos: antes da indução da ARA (controle), duas, quatro, seis, oito, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 horas após a administração da sacarose. Amostras de urina para análise do pH urinário foram obtidas nos seguintes momentos: 15 dias, sete dias e imediatamente antes da administração da sacarose, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 e 144 horas. Posteriormente, tanto as amostras de sangue quanto de urina foram obtidas na segunda, terceira e quarta semanas seguintes. A partir de quatro horas da indução, elevação do pH, do bicarbonato e excesso de base no sangue arterial foram observados. Após 12 horas, os animais apresentaram diminuição dos parâmetros acima citados, como também acidificação da urina, que são sintomas de acidose metabólica. Decorridas 28 horas, todos os parâmetros retornaram à normalidade, exceto o EB, que somente retornou à normalidade após 72 horas. Apesar da ocorrência da acidemia, não houve necessidade de tratamento medicamentoso e nenhum animal veio a óbito.(AU)

[Correlation between ketoacidosis and vitamin D levels in children with type 1 diabetes]

Diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] is the end result of metabolic disorders. It is caused by severe insulin hormone deficiency or effects of insulin. This study aimed at evaluating the association between ketoacidosis and vitamin D3 levels in children with type 1 diabetes. This was a case-control study. Study population consisted of children with type 1 diabetes referring to Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital in 2013.The patients were assigned to control and intervention groups. Intervention group had type 1 diabetes with DKA, and control group had type I diabetes without DKA. In both groups five milliliters of blood was taken from every patient to determine 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3serum levels. Also, ABG test was performed to evaluate serum bicarbonate and PH level. Using SPSS version 21, data were analyzed by statistical tests. There was a significant difference between age and vitamin D3 levels in both groups [with DKA and without DKA] [P<0.05]. In children with severe acidosis, 20 [95.2%] had vitamin D3 deficiency and one [4.8%] patient had insufficient level of vitamin D3. Consequently, we found a significant relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and ketoacidosis in the children with type I diabetes [P<0.05]. Children with severe ketoacidosis were more prone to develop vitamin D3 deficiency. Therefore, timely administration of vitamin D3 can reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes

Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 micromol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.

Ischemic stroke in a child with severe diabetic ketocidosis

The most common cause for neurological deterioration in patients with DKA is cerebral edema. In a large retrospective study, estimated risk of cerebral edema was 6.8 per 1000 cases of DKA and was associated with a mortality rate of 24%. In addition to cerebral edema, other causes of neurological deterioration was the result of thrombosis and infection or hemorrhage